Chinese Text
天下有道,却走马以粪;天下无道,戎马生于郊。
罪莫大于可欲,祸莫大于不知足,咎莫大于欲得。
故知足之足,常足。
Translation
When the Tao prevailed in the world, horses were sent back to plow the fields.
Since the Tao no longer prevails in the world, war horses are born on the borders.
There is no greater crime than indulging one's desires.
There is no greater misfortune than not knowing when to stop.
There is no greater calamity than the desire to acquire.
He who knows when to stop is always content.
Notes
老子 shows in this chapter the misfortunes that arise from the multitude of desires and activity (the opposite of non-action), and the happiness of the sage who knows how to preserve himself through moderation.
In ancient times, the princes who possessed the 道 were pure, calm, and free from desires; they converted men through non-action. This is why the people lived in peace and were content with their lot. The 马 , which were previously intended for combat, were left, and were used only to cultivate the fields. Thus, every family, every man had all that was necessary for them. Since the age has become corrupt and the 道 has declined, the sages no longer appear in the world. The vassals give themselves over to violence and disorder. Each of them strives to enrich their kingdom and dominate by force of arms; their ambition is insatiable. They engage in continuous battles. This is why the 戎马 are born on the borders.
When the empire follows the right path, the 马 (of the army) are sent back, and they are not used at all. Men devote themselves solely to cultivating the fields. — When the empire does not follow the right path, etc.
By 却走马 , we mean the 马 of the army, 阵马 .
The war dragging on, the 马 no longer return to the interior of the kingdom, and remain outside the borders for so long that they can propagate their race there.
The rest of the chapter presents no difficulty.